There's two types of segmented displays, LCD and LED. Not sure which you're talking about. In either case, you need a controller. With three digits, that's 23 segments you'll need to control (two are period symbols). An MCU can be used in either case. There are also controller chips for that purpose that can be serially interfaced with an MCU.
LCD displays need higher voltage to drive the LCD so a charge pump is required. It's usually included with a controller, but if you want to use an MCU, you'll need to add one. The advantage of an LED segmented display over a LCD segmented display is you don't need the charge pump since you can usually bias the diodes with a supply as low as 3V. The disadvantage is you need a set of bias resistors. With an LCD, you only need one charge pump which is just a small chip and a capacitor.